What does urinary calculi refer to in livestock?

Urinary calculi refer specifically to the formation of stones in the urinary tract of livestock. This condition occurs when certain minerals in the urine precipitate, forming solid aggregates. In livestock, particularly in ruminants like sheep, it is commonly caused by dietary imbalances or high levels of certain minerals, such as phosphorus. These stones can lead to urinary obstruction, which is a serious health issue that can cause pain, difficulty in urination, and potentially serious complications if not treated promptly. Understanding this condition is crucial for effective sheep management, as it can impact animal welfare and productivity.