How does stress during transportation affect sheep?

Stress during transportation can significantly affect sheep in various negative ways. It can lead to increased mortality due to the stress-induced physiological changes that can weaken their immune system and make them more susceptible to illness. Additionally, stress can cause alterations in the metabolism and muscle composition of the animals, which negatively impacts meat quality. Factors such as higher levels of stress hormones can lead to a condition known as "dark cutting" in meat, where the quality is compromised due to changes in pH and higher levels of muscle glycogen depletion. These physiological responses not only compromise the welfare of the sheep during transport but can also have economic consequences for producers owing to reduced meat quality and potential loss of livestock.